![]() ![]() Gallium is also used in the production of artificial gadolinium gallium garnet for jewelry. Semiconducting gallium nitride and indium gallium nitride produce blue and violet light-emitting diodes and diode lasers. Gallium arsenide, the primary chemical compound of gallium in electronics, is used in microwave circuits, high-speed switching circuits, and infrared circuits. Gallium is predominantly used in electronics. Elemental gallium is a liquid at temperatures greater than 29.76 ☌ (85.57 ☏), and will melt in a person's hands at normal human body temperature of 37.0 ☌ (98.6 ☏). ![]() Gallium does not occur as a free element in nature, but as gallium(III) compounds in trace amounts in zinc ores (such as sphalerite) and in bauxite. ![]() An even lower melting point of −19 ☌ (−2 ☏), well below the freezing point of water, is claimed for the alloy galinstan (62–95% gallium, 5–22% indium, and 0–16% tin by weight), but that may be the freezing point with the effect of supercooling. Gallium alloys are used in thermometers as a non-toxic and environmentally friendly alternative to mercury, and can withstand higher temperatures than mercury. The melting point of gallium is used as a temperature reference point. It is also used in semiconductors, as a dopant in semiconductor substrates. Since its discovery in 1875, gallium has widely been used to make alloys with low melting points. ![]() If enough force is applied, solid gallium may fracture conchoidally. In its liquid state, it becomes silvery white. Discovered by the French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875, gallium is in group 13 of the periodic table and is similar to the other metals of the group ( aluminium, indium, and thallium).Įlemental gallium is a relatively soft, silvery metal at standard temperature and pressure. Gallium is a chemical element it has symbol Ga and atomic number 31. ![]()
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